Technical Interview Questions
✅ 1. Which programming language are you most comfortable with and why?
Answer:
I am most comfortable with Python because it is simple, versatile, and has a huge ecosystem of libraries for web development, data analysis, and automation. I have used Python in multiple projects, including developing REST APIs in Django, and building an Employee Management Dashboard during my internship. Its readability makes debugging easier, and frameworks like Django and Flask speed up backend development. I also practice problem-solving in Python, which improves my DSA skills.
✅ 2. Can you explain OOPs concepts with real examples?
Answer:
Yes, OOPs consists of Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.
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Encapsulation: Wrapping data and methods together. Example: In a class
Employee, I keep private variables likesalaryand methods to update it. -
Abstraction: Hiding internal implementation. Example: When we call
db.save(), we don’t see how the database stores data internally. -
Inheritance: Reusing code from parent to child. Example: A class
Managercan inherit fromEmployeeand add extra features like team management. -
Polymorphism: One function behaving differently. Example:
len()works for both strings and lists.
In my Employee Management System, I applied OOPs by creating reusable classes for Employee, Manager, and Admin roles.
✅ 3. What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?
Answer:
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SQL Databases: Structured, table-based, follow ACID properties. Examples: MySQL, Oracle. Best for transactions like banking.
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NoSQL Databases: Store unstructured/semi-structured data, follow BASE properties. Examples: MongoDB, Cassandra. Best for big data and scalability.
In my projects: -
I used MySQL for Notes Sharing Website because structured data suited it.
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I used MongoDB for my E-Commerce project since product and cart data were unstructured and needed flexibility.
✅ 4. How does MongoDB store data internally?
Answer:
MongoDB stores data as BSON (Binary JSON) documents inside collections.
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Each document is like a JSON object with key-value pairs.
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Collections are similar to tables but schema-less, meaning each document can have different fields.
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Data is stored in memory-mapped files for faster read/write operations.
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Internally, MongoDB uses indexes and WiredTiger storage engine for efficient access.
This makes MongoDB very fast for real-time applications like e-commerce.
✅ 5. Explain the difference between React.js and Django.
Answer:
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React.js is a frontend JavaScript library for building interactive UIs. It handles the view layer, supports reusable components, and improves performance with a virtual DOM.
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Django is a backend Python framework that follows MVT architecture. It handles data models, authentication, and server-side rendering.
In short, React handles the client-side (UI) while Django handles the server-side (backend).
In my projects, I used React.js for E-Commerce Website frontend and Django for backend in Notes Sharing Website.
✅ 6. How does REST API work? Can you explain request-response cycle?
Answer:
A REST API allows communication between client and server using HTTP methods:
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Client sends a request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) with parameters/body.
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Server processes the request, interacts with the database, and generates a response.
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Response is sent back in JSON format.
Example: In my Employee Management System:
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The client (frontend/Postman) sends a GET request to
/employee/1. -
The backend fetches employee data from the database.
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The server responds with JSON:
{ "id": 1, "name": "Rahul", "role": "Developer" }.
This is the request-response cycle of REST APIs.
✅ 7. Can you explain Agile methodology and your experience with it?
Answer:
Agile is a software development methodology that focuses on iterative development, collaboration, and flexibility. Work is divided into sprints, and after each sprint, the team reviews progress and adapts.
I learned Agile in my Cognizant Agile Methodology Certification and applied it during my internship. We followed short sprint cycles, held stand-up meetings, and used iterative improvements while building the dashboard. Agile helped in quickly incorporating HR feedback into my project.
✅ 8. What are Git branching strategies you have used?
Answer:
I have used:
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Feature Branching: Each new feature is developed in a separate branch and merged later.
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Gitflow Workflow: Maintains separate
developandmasterbranches with feature, release, and hotfix branches. -
Forking Workflow: Used in open-source contributions like GirlScript Summer of Code, where I forked a repo, created a branch, made changes, and submitted a pull request.
These strategies helped maintain clean, collaborative codebases.
✅ 9. How do you handle debugging in Python/JavaScript?
Answer:
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In Python, I use
print()statements,logging, and the PDB debugger to step through code. I also test smaller functions before integrating. -
In JavaScript, I use console.log(), browser DevTools debugger, and breakpoints.
Example: While building the cart system in React, I used console logs and React DevTools to trace state updates. In Django, I used logs to track API failures.
✅ 10. What is the difference between Bootstrap and Tailwind CSS?
Answer:
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Bootstrap: Predefined UI components (buttons, navbars, modals) with a fixed design. Faster to implement but less customizable.
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Tailwind CSS: Utility-first framework with small classes for custom styling. More flexible and customizable but requires designing from scratch.
In my projects:
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I used Bootstrap in my Spotify Clone for quick prototyping.
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I used Tailwind CSS in my E-Commerce Website for a modern, customized UI.
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